What may we learn if we view mathematics as a set of practices such as estimating, measuring, counting, proportioning, and so on, and as embedded in practices like sculpting, teaching, accounting, and more? What does this reveal about the role of computational and mathematical practices in shaping our social and political lives?

This archive showcases our ongoing explorations of these questions, particularly in the context of South India. We welcome you to engage with our materials, ask questions, and enrich the archive. Please reach out if you'd like to contribute.

Featured Collections

One of our prominent lines of inquiry for us has been to investigate the relations between texts, schooling, and practice. The learners of tiแน‡แน‡ai schools, which were sites for training in village accountant as well as revenue accountant in parts of precolonial Tamil Nadu and Keralam, produced eแน‡cuvaแนญi (number primers) to mark the completion of their learning. While we cannot say for certain whether texts in the kaแน‡akkatikฤram tradition were used as pedagogical texts in tiแน‡แน‡ai schools, there is sufficient evidence to suggest that the contents of these texts mirror the material transacted in tiแน‡แน‡ai schools as well as the professional needs of the workplace, particularly those of village accountants. Various revenue and mercantile accounts we have collected from different parts of Tamil Nadu were produced by those trained in these tiแน‡แน‡ai schools.

Thus, contrasting and comparing items in the following collection offers a way to understand the relationship between texts, schooling, and practice in a particular historical context, as well as the potential consequences mathematical practices may have had for the general public (for instance, through the profession of the village accountant). For further reading, see Senthil Babu (2022).

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Item
Collection
Encuvati
Like their Tamil counterparts Malayalam Eรฑcuvaแนญi are also number primer with list of numbers, list of measures, addition and multiplication numbers. Malayalam Eรฑcuvaแนญi is yet to be deeply studied.
ECV_NTP_002_4543
Item
Physical Object
Encuvati
ECV_NTP_001_4441
Item
Physical Object
Encuvati
ECV_NTP_003_4555
Item
Physical Object
Encuvati
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KKM_GOML_CHN_TR_0119_R_00436_0004
Item
Physical Object
Kanakkatikaram
KKM_GOML_CHN_TR_183_R_00199C_0740
Item
Physical Object
Kanakkatikaram
The dimension of this palm leaf manuscript is 31 x 3.5. Contains 1 page. 6 lines per page. Incomplete. The page number mentioned on the right side of the page is 142. The song on this page details the Tamil letters.
KKM_GOML_CHN_TR_1141_R_01998_0200
Item
Physical Object
Kanakkatikaram
The dimension of the palm leaf manuscript is 15x1 inches. 22 leaves; 44 folios. Condition is good, though some leaves are damaged. Contains 4-5 lines per page. Incomplete. Kanakkatikaram is a pedagogic text for advanced students. It deals with arithmetic and other mathematical calculations. Contains both formulas as well as calculations.
KKM_GOML_CHN_TR_1194_R_6174_1333
Item
Physical Object
Kanakkatikaram
The dimension of this paper manuscript is 26x32. Contains 54 pages. Complete. Preserved in good condition. This manuscript was copied in 1956 by Mr. Chandranakeswaran. The original manuscript from which this copy was made is unfortunately not mentioned in this copy. This manuscript contains both text and commentary. Kanakkatikaram is the higher arithmetic and theoretical arithmetic of Tamil mathematics. Thus this could be the pedagogic material to the Tamil mathematic students.
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KVK_ITS_CHN_MSN_010_1102
Item
Physical Object
Kovil Kanakku
PKV_GOML_CHN_TR_0489_R_02201_004
Item
Physical Object
Pala Kanakku Vagai
VPS_GOML_CHN_M_0375_D_3965_002
Item
Physical Object
Viyapara Sarakku
MPK_SHMP_TNP_1063_3297
Item
Physical Object
Meenpidi Kanakku
Contains 198 pages. Readable. Complete. Preserved in good condition. This manuscript deals with day-to-day fishery accounts by Muslims in the 1940s.
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